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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
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Allergies, antibiotics use, and multiple sclerosis.

Jinma Ren1, Huijuan Ni2, Minchul Kim1

  • 1a Center for Outcomes Research , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , Illinois , USA.

Current Medical Research and Opinion
|April 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergies appear to protect against multiple sclerosis (MS) development. Antibiotic use may not be a reliable indicator for investigating MS causes, despite potential mediation in the allergy-MS relationship.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisallergiesanti-bacterial agentscase–control studiesrisk

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The relationship between allergies, antibiotic use, and multiple sclerosis (MS) is debated.
  • The mediating or moderating effects of these factors on MS development require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the direct and indirect influences of allergies and antibiotic use on the development of multiple sclerosis.
  • To examine the interactions between allergies and antibiotic use in relation to MS.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study utilizing the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database (2006-2013).
  • Multiple sclerosis cases identified using ICD-9 code (340.0).
  • Generalized structural equation modeling and MacArthur approach employed to analyze relationships.

Main Results:

  • A weighted prevalence of MS was 133.7 per 100,000 visits.
  • Both respiratory tract allergies (OR=0.29) and other allergies (OR=0.38) were associated with a reduced risk of MS.
  • While allergies were linked to increased antibiotic use (e.g., penicillin), a direct link between antibiotic use and MS was not confirmed; penicillin use may mediate the allergy-MS relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Allergies are suggested to be a protective factor against the development of multiple sclerosis.
  • Antibiotic use may not serve as a suitable indicator for investigating the causes of MS.