Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

1.4K
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
1.4K
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

773
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
773
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

12.6K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
12.6K
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

685
Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
685
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

1.3K
The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
1.3K
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

538
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
538

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Medical findings in young patients with head trauma: How strong is the evidence for abuse?

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same author

A response to EA-4/23 INF:2025 "The Assessment and Accreditation of Opinions and Interpretations using ISO/IEC 17025:2017".

Forensic science international·2025
Same author

Nodewise Predictability in Cross-Sectional Data Does Not Outperform Mechanical Totals in Predicting Sexual Reoffending.

Assessment·2025
Same author

An overview of log likelihood ratio cost in forensic science - Where is it used and what values can we expect?

Forensic science international. Synergy·2024
Same author

Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on brain waves in healthy volunteers.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

The test-negative design: Opportunities, limitations and biases.

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.6K

Evaluating evidence in linked crimes with multiple offenders.

Jacob de Zoete1, Marjan Sjerps2, Ronald Meester3

  • 1University of Amsterdam, Korteweg de Vries Institute for Mathematics, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society
|April 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study extends Bayesian networks to evaluate evidence with multiple offenders, addressing challenges in distinguishing individuals and linking evidence. The approach aids legal reasoning and understanding evidential value in complex cases.

Keywords:
Bayesian networkCrime linkageGroup offensesMultiple offenders

More Related Videos

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

9.1K
Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.6K
An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

9.1K
Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Probability Theory
  • Legal Reasoning

Background:

  • Previous work established a Bayesian network framework for evaluating evidence with a single suspect in multiple offenses.
  • Current legal and forensic practices often struggle with complex scenarios involving multiple unknown offenders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Bayesian network framework for evaluating evidence in cases involving multiple offenders.
  • To address new questions regarding offender distinguishability, evidence source attribution, and offender count.
  • To demonstrate the impact of these factors on posterior probabilities using a mock case.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a Bayesian network framework.
  • Construction of appropriate Bayesian networks for different multi-offender scenarios.
  • Analysis of a mock case example to illustrate differences in conclusions.

Main Results:

  • Subtle differences in multi-offender situations lead to substantially different posterior probabilities.
  • Bayesian networks effectively model the influence of various pieces of evidence on hypotheses.
  • The framework helps identify and prevent potential pitfalls in evidential evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Bayesian networks are valuable tools for guiding expert and legal reasoning in complex forensic cases.
  • The extended framework enhances understanding of evidential value and hypothesis probabilities with multiple offenders.
  • While direct court presentation is cautioned against, Bayesian networks offer significant analytical benefits.