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A methodology for developing anisotropic AAA phantoms via additive manufacturing.

Sergio Ruiz de Galarreta1, Raúl Antón1, Aitor Cazón1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tecnun, University of Navarra, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 13, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.

Journal of Biomechanics
|April 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used multi-material 3D printing to create realistic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) phantoms. These phantoms mimic human AAA tissue biomechanics, advancing rupture risk assessment and endovascular graft testing.

Keywords:
AAA phantomAdditive manufacturingAnisotropyBiaxialMulti-material 3D printing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Device Development

Background:

  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) diagnosis relies on maximum diameter, but biomechanical factors are crucial for rupture risk.
  • Existing numerical studies highlight the importance of biomechanics in AAA rupture.
  • AAA phantoms are needed for experimental validation and pre-intervention testing of endovascular grafts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop idealized Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) phantoms with anisotropic mechanical properties using multi-material 3D printing.
  • To experimentally validate the mechanical behavior of 3D printed AAA phantoms against human AAA tissue properties.
  • To assess the potential of 3D printed phantoms for biomechanical studies and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-material 3D printing was employed to fabricate AAA phantom specimens.
  • Anisotropic composites were created and characterized using biaxial tensile tests.
  • A constitutive model was utilized to fit experimental data and compare phantom properties to human AAA tissue.

Main Results:

  • A composite material with mechanical properties closely matching human AAA tissue was successfully fabricated.
  • The selected 3D printed phantom material exhibited a small difference in strain energy (0.4%) and peak Green strain ratio (12.4%) compared to AAA tissue.
  • The study demonstrated the feasibility of creating AAA phantoms with anisotropic mechanical behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-material 3D printing is a viable technology for manufacturing AAA phantoms with anisotropic properties.
  • These 3D printed phantoms serve as a valuable tool for validating numerical simulations and testing endovascular grafts.
  • This advancement represents a significant step towards improved AAA biomechanical research and clinical interventions.