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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
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Interfacial chemical bonding-mediated ionic resistive switching.

Hyeongjoo Moon1, Vishal Zade1, Hung-Sen Kang1

  • 1School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

Scientific Reports
|April 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that chemical bonding at the titanium dioxide-platinum interface controls resistive switching (RS) in Pt/TiO2/Pt cells. Oxygen-mediated bonding enables low resistance, while reset switching breaks this bond.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Resistive switching (RS) materials are crucial for next-generation memory devices.
  • The Pt/TiO2/Pt system is a widely studied RS material, but its switching mechanism requires further clarification.
  • Understanding the role of interfaces is key to optimizing RS device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unique resistive switching mechanism of the Pt/TiO2/Pt cell.
  • To elucidate the role of interfacial bonding at the TiO2-Pt interface in RS.
  • To differentiate between interfacial bonding changes and bulk film changes in the RS mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a non-conventional scanning probe-based setup to create nanoscale Pt/TiO2/Pt cells.
  • Formed nanoscale cells by contacting a Pt/TiO2-coated atomic force microscope tip with a Pt-coated substrate.
  • Employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study chemical bonding at the TiO2-metal interface.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a strong coupling between electrical resistance and interfacial bonding status.
  • Identified oxygen-mediated chemical bonding at the TiO2-Pt interface as essential for a non-polar low-resistance state.
  • Showed that the reset switching process involves the disconnection of chemical bonds, while bipolar switching does not involve chemical bonding.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial bonding, specifically oxygen-mediated bonding, is the primary driver of resistive switching in the Pt/TiO2/Pt system.
  • The switching mechanism is dictated by the formation and rupture of chemical bonds at the interface, not bulk changes.
  • This research provides fundamental insights into the nanoscale mechanism of resistive switching.