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Vertebral Artery Dissection: a Contemporary Perspective.

Cristina Tiu1, Elena Terecoasa1, Nicolae Grecu1

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Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) are a common cause of stroke in young adults, potentially leading to ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. This review covers VADs

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Arterial dissections, particularly vertebral artery dissections (VADs), are a significant cause of stroke in young adults.
  • While often linked to trauma, advances in imaging reveal more dissections and diverse etiologies.
  • VADs can manifest as ischemic stroke in the brainstem, cerebellum, or spinal cord, or as subarachnoid hemorrhage if occurring intracranially.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of vertebral artery dissections (VADs).
  • To discuss the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for VADs.
  • To illustrate theoretical concepts with clinical case examples.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vertebral artery dissections.
  • Analysis of clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of VADs.
  • Presentation of three distinct clinical cases of VADs.

Main Results:

  • VADs are a frequent cause of stroke in young adults.
  • VADs can lead to both ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Diverse etiologies and clinical presentations of VADs are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebral artery dissections require thorough understanding due to their potential for severe neurological deficits.
  • Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for managing VADs and preventing stroke.
  • Clinical experience combined with literature review provides valuable insights into VAD management.