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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Published on: February 27, 2018

Coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty.

Timothy Lording¹, Sébastien Lustig², Philippe Neyret²

¹Melbourne Orthopaedic Group and The Alfred Hospital, Australia.

EFORT Open Reviews

|May 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neutral mechanical alignment may not be optimal for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Kinematic alignment may improve function, and residual varus alignment might not harm survivorship if the tibial component is neutral.

Keywords:

coronal alignment functional results kinematic alignment knee mechanical alignment survivorship total arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical engineering
Arthroplasty

Background:

Traditionally, neutral mechanical alignment has been considered optimal for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Recent research questions this long-held assumption, suggesting alternative alignment strategies may be superior.
Understanding coronal alignment's impact on TKA outcomes is crucial for patient function and implant longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of different coronal alignment strategies on total knee arthroplasty outcomes.
To investigate whether kinematic alignment offers functional benefits compared to traditional alignment.
To determine the effect of residual varus alignment on TKA survivorship.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies comparing neutral mechanical alignment with kinematic alignment in TKA.
Analysis of functional outcomes and implant survivorship based on alignment parameters.
Assessment of the influence of tibial component alignment on outcomes in the presence of femoral or overall varus alignment.

Main Results:

Kinematic alignment, which replicates the native knee's flexion/extension axis, may lead to improved functional results.
Neutral mechanical alignment is being challenged as the sole optimal strategy for TKA.
Residual varus alignment did not appear to negatively affect survivorship when the tibial component was in neutral alignment.

Conclusions:

The ideal coronal alignment for total knee arthroplasty may differ from neutral mechanical alignment.
Kinematic alignment presents a promising alternative for enhancing functional outcomes post-TKA.
Tibial component neutrality is a key factor in mitigating potential adverse effects of residual varus alignment on TKA survivorship.