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Brain heparan sulphate proteoglycans are altered in developing foetus when exposed to in-utero hyperglycaemia

M S Sandeep1, C D Nandini2

  • 1Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India.

Metabolic Brain Disease
|May 3, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy alters fetal brain development, increasing specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs). These changes in brain GAGs/PGs were observed in offspring, not in adult-induced diabetes models.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Maternal hyperglycemia impacts fetal development, particularly the brain.
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are crucial for brain development.
  • Limited research exists on hyperglycemia's effects on brain GAGs/PGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of in-utero hyperglycaemic conditions on brain GAGs and PGs.
  • To compare these effects in pre- and post-natal rats from diabetic mothers versus adult-induced diabetes models.
  • To analyze changes in GAGs, PGs, and their disaccharides during development.

Main Methods:

  • Studied brain GAGs and PGs in pre- and post-natal rats from diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.
  • Induced diabetes in adult rats using Streptozotocin.
  • Analyzed changes in GAGs, PGs (syndecans-1, -3, glypican-1), and HS disaccharides.
  • Monitored offspring for hyperphagia post-birth.

Main Results:

  • In-utero hyperglycemia increased GAGs, particularly heparan sulfate (HS), in developing brains.
  • Specific HS disaccharides were altered in various developmental stages.
  • Syndecans-1, -3, and glypican-1 were overexpressed in offspring from diabetic mothers.
  • Adult diabetic rats showed only glypican-1 overexpression.
  • Offspring exhibited hyperphagia by 8 weeks of age.

Conclusions:

  • In-utero hyperglycemia significantly impacts developing brain GAGs/PGs, unlike diabetes induced in adulthood.
  • These findings suggest long-term implications for brain development due to maternal hyperglycemia.
  • Early life exposure to hyperglycemia has distinct effects on brain GAG/PG profiles compared to adult-onset diabetes.

Keywords:
BrainDiabetesGlycosaminoglycansIn-utero hyperglycaemiaProteoglycans

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