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Immunoelectron microscopic localization of ubiquitin in hepatoma cells
A L Schwartz1, A Ciechanover, R A Brandt
1Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.
The EMBO Journal
|October 1, 1988
Abstract:
Ubiquitin, a 76 amino acid protein, is covalently attached to abnormal and short-lived proteins, thus marking them for ATP-dependent proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. Free (unconjugated) ubiquitin was localized in hepatoma cells using affinity purified anti-ubiquitin antibodies and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy. The anti-ubiquitin antibodies recognize only unconjugated ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is found within the cytoplasm, nucleus, the microvilli, autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes.