Augmented-reality integrated robotics in neurosurgery: are we there yet?

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Robotics
• Medical Technology Innovation

Background:

• Surgical robots have garnered interest but lack widespread adoption among spinal neurosurgeons.
• Innovation success hinges on majority adoption, yet complex psychological factors and a
• follow the leader
• mentality impede new technology dissemination.
• The rise of minimally invasive surgery increased reliance on navigation and fluoroscopy, driving demand for enhanced precision.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the history and current state of surgical robotics in neurosurgery.
• To explore untapped technologies with potential for more meaningful applications.
• To project future innovations in neurosurgical robotics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of surgical robotics, co-robots, augmented reality, and processor chips.
• Analysis of technology adoption factors in neurosurgery.
• Historical overview of robotic surgery development.

Main Results:

• Robotic applications in neurosurgery are currently limited to navigation trajectory assistance.
• External technological advancements (co-robots, AR) are increasing surgeon familiarity.
• Adoption among neurosurgeons in training is influenced by residency exposure.

Conclusions:

• Current surgical robots offer limited functionality, primarily navigation support.
• Broader adoption requires overcoming psychological barriers and leveraging advancements in related fields.
• Significant untapped potential exists for more advanced robotic applications in neurosurgery.