Craniofacial Deviations in the Children With Nasal Obstruction.
Ayca Ant1, Yusuf Kemal Kemaloglu, Metin Yilmaz
1*Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University †Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara ‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|May 5, 2017
Summary
Children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Craniofacial Development
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Nasal obstruction in children, often due to adenoid hypertrophy, impacts craniofacial development.
- Observed craniofacial changes in children resemble those in adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between linear craniofacial dimensions and age, nasal obstruction severity, and adenoid size in children.
- To explore potential links between pediatric nasal obstruction and adult OSAS characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 55 children with nasal obstruction.
- Calculation of Clinical Nasal Obstruction Score (CNOS) and Adenoidal-Nasopharyngeal Ratio (ANR).
- Measurement of 9 linear variables from lateral cephalometric radiographs.
Main Results:
- Adenoidal-Nasopharyngeal Ratio (ANR) decreased with age, while most skeletal dimensions increased.
- CNOS showed negative correlations with anterior cranial base length, anterior-superior facial height, and maxillary depth.
- ANR correlated significantly only with anterior-superior facial height.
Conclusions:
- Nasal obstruction in children is linked to factors beyond just adenoid hypertrophy.
- Craniofacial deviations in children with nasal obstruction mirror those in adult OSAS patients.
- A narrow naso-maxillary complex may contribute to persistent nasal obstruction and potentially lead to adult OSAS.
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