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    Diffraction of V-point singularities through triangular apertures splits +1 index singularities into monstars and -1 index singularities into stars. Higher-order singularities break down into lower-order C-points upon diffraction.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Optical physics
    • * Singularity theory

    Background:

    • * V-point singularities, characterized by the Poincare-Hopf index (η), are topological defects in optical fields.
    • * Understanding their behavior under diffraction is crucial for applications in optical manipulation and information processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To experimentally investigate the diffraction of V-point singularities through equilateral and isosceles right triangular apertures.
    • * To analyze the resulting diffraction patterns and their dependence on the V-point index.
    • * To explore the diffraction of higher-order V-point singularities.

    Main Methods:

    • * Experimental setup involving V-point singularities generated using a Sagnac interferometer.
    • * Diffraction experiments using equilateral and isosceles right triangular apertures.
    • * Analysis of intensity patterns and topological properties of the diffracted singularities.

    Main Results:

    • * V-point singularities with η = +1 disintegrate into two monstars/lemons upon diffraction.
    • * V-point singularities with η = -1 diffract into two stars.
    • * Diffraction patterns are insensitive to the polarization singularity's polarity, maintaining intensity invariance.
    • * Higher-order V-point singularities are disintegrated into lower-order C-points.

    Conclusions:

    • * Triangular apertures act as diffractive elements that decompose V-point singularities based on their topological charge.
    • * The diffraction process reveals fundamental properties of V-point singularities, including their stability and transformation.
    • * Experimental results provide insights into the topological transformations of optical singularities, with potential implications for advanced optical systems.