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In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
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A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
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Multi-copy quantifiers for single-photon states.

Petr Zapletal1, Radim Filip2

  • 1Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17, listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

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|May 5, 2017
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New quantifiers evaluate high-quality single-photon states by simulating their ability to form Fock states. These tools assess nonclassical phase-space interference, crucial for advancing quantum technologies and quantum optics experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Technology

Background:

  • Single-photon states are fundamental for hybrid quantum technology, enabling nonclassical phase-space interference.
  • High-quality single-photon sources are increasingly available, necessitating robust evaluation methods.
  • Non-Gaussian states of light, characterized by Wigner function negativity, are key resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel quantifiers for evaluating high-quality single-photon states.
  • To assess the presence of multiple negativities in the Wigner function, indicating complex nonclassical interference.
  • To provide a sensitive method for verifying quantum interference in single-photon emitters.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed and analyzed quantifiers that process multiple statistical estimates of single-photon states.
  • Simulated the conditional bunching of single photons into a single mode to form a Fock state.
  • Applied the quantifiers to evaluate single-photon states from recent experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The developed quantifiers effectively evaluate the presence of multiple Wigner function negativities.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of the quantifiers to experimental single-photon states.
  • Showcased the potential for extending quantifiers to test single-photon state indistinguishability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed quantifiers offer a sensitive method for evaluating nonclassical properties of single-photon states.
  • These quantifiers surpass traditional methods like the Hong-Ou-Mandel test in sensitivity for verifying quantum interference.
  • The quantifiers have broad applicability beyond quantum optics, including atomic memories and mechanical oscillators.