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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

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Published on: December 9, 2022
Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians
Erik Harry Høydal1, Carl Christian Lein Størmer2, Einar Laukli3
1a Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.
Objective:
Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs.
Design:
The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison.
Study Sample:
We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire.
Results:
TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.
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