Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.6K

Diabetes Medications and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Cecilia Chi1, Jennifer Snaith1, Jenny E Gunton2

  • 1Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Heart, Lung & Circulation
|May 6, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

For type 2 diabetes patients, metformin, acarbose, some GLP-1 receptor agonists, and one SGLT2 inhibitor show cardiovascular benefits. Insulin is reserved for very high glucose levels.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes increases cardiovascular risk.
  • Evidence on glucose-lowering drugs' cardiovascular effects is variable.
  • Numerous clinical trials are ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cardiovascular outcomes associated with various diabetes medications.
  • To synthesize current evidence on drug safety and efficacy for cardiovascular health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and observational studies.
  • Focused on metformin, sulfonylureas, acarbose, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, TZDs, and insulin.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular outcomes data.

Main Results:

  • Metformin, acarbose, certain GLP-1 receptor agonists, and one SGLT2 inhibitor demonstrate cardiovascular benefits.
  • Sulfonylureas, DPP4 inhibitors, and TZDs had less clear or neutral cardiovascular profiles in this review.
  • Insulin is primarily indicated for managing hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Specific glucose-lowering agents offer cardiovascular advantages in type 2 diabetes.
  • Drug selection should consider individual patient profiles and cardiovascular risk.
  • Further research is ongoing to clarify long-term cardiovascular impacts.
Keywords:
DPP4 inhibitorsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsMetforminSGLT2 inhibitorsType 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.1K
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.6K

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.2K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.7K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.6K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
739
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
4.4K