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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition00:46

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Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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The authors reply

John C Lin1, Philip C Spinella, Julie C Fitzgerald

  • 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; for the Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapy Study.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|May 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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