Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Role of inflammatory markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma - A prognostic systematic literature review with emphasis on gingival squamous cell carcinoma.

Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP·2026

Same author

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Marker 4-hydroxynonenal in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Annals of African medicine·2026

Same author

Assessment of Immunohistochemical Expression of Lipid Peroxidation Marker 4-hydroxynonenal in Oral Lichen Planus - A Retrospective Study.

Annals of African medicine·2026

Same author

Assessment of immunohistochemical expression of oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG in oral lichen planus.

Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids·2025

Same author

Evaluation of the Immunohistochemical Expression of Lipid Peroxidation Marker 4-HNE and Comparison of the Expression in Various Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals·2025

Same author

Evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG in oral cancer.

Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Tongue prints in biometric authentication: A pilot study.

Nadeem Jeddy¹, T Radhika¹, S Nithya¹

¹Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP

|May 9, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tongue prints offer a unique biometric authentication method. This study found distinct fissure patterns and shapes in males and females, suggesting potential for forensic and security applications.

Keywords:

Authentication biometric fissures forensic tongue prints tongue shape

More Related Videos

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Published on: June 8, 2015

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Published on: June 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae

Published on: June 8, 2015

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Biometrics
Forensic Science
Oral Morphology

Background:

Biometric authentication is crucial for security.
Tongue prints are a novel, forgery-resistant biometric tool.
Existing biometric systems are widely used and researched.

Purpose of the Study:

Evaluate common tongue morphological features.
Analyze variations in tongue morphology between males and females.
Assess the utility of alginate impressions and dental casts for lingual impressions.

Main Methods:

Visual examination and digital photography of the tongue dorsum.
Alginate impressions and dental stone casts for lingual impressions.
Analysis of surface morphology, including fissures and tongue shape, by two observers.

Main Results:

Central fissures are the most common feature.
Males typically exhibit multiple vertical fissures; females often have a single vertical fissure.
Tongues were predominantly U-shaped, with 25% of females showing a V-shape.

Conclusions:

Tongue prints are viable for biometric authentication.
The impression methodology is simple and suitable for regular dental practice.
Further large-scale studies are needed to validate findings and explore additional biometric features.