Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 2, 2026
Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Published on: March 27, 2018
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Outcomes Following 6.5 Years: A Nested Case-control Study
Leila Jahangiry1, Mahdi Najafi2, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi3
1Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Insights
Predictors of death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) include age, diabetes, smoking, peripheral vascular disease, and elevated cholesterol. Older patients remain at high risk for poor outcomes post-CABG.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity.
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a common intervention for advanced CAD.
- Long-term outcomes after CABG require continued investigation to identify mortality predictors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate predictors of long-term mortality in patients following CABG surgery.
- To identify demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors associated with increased risk of death after CABG.
Main Methods:
- A nested case-control study design was employed.
- Cases were CABG patients who died between May 2006 and March 2013; controls were survivors.
- Logistic regression analyses (univariate and multivariate) were used to determine odds ratios and confidence intervals for mortality predictors.
Main Results:
- Significant independent predictors of mortality included older age, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes, and smoking.
- Increased length of hospital stay, elevated total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also associated with higher mortality.
- Age (95% CI: 1.03-1.2), PVD (95% CI: 1.06-6.8), diabetes (95% CI: 0.9-6.3), smoking (95% CI: 1.45-13.7), hospital stay (95% CI: 1.0-1.24), total cholesterol (95% CI: 1-1.2), and CRP (95% CI: 0.99-1.27) were significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Age, diabetes, smoking, PVD, prolonged hospital stay, and elevated lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides) and CRP are significant contributors to mortality post-CABG.
- Vulnerable older patient populations undergoing CABG surgery face a continued high risk of adverse outcomes.
Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in worldwide. This nested case-control study investigated the predictors of death in long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
Methods:
Cases were defined as CABG patients who died in the period of May 2006-March 2013. Controls were CABG patients who were alive in the same period. Cases and controls were derived from an existing cohort, Tehran Heart Center-Coronary Outcome Measurement. One hundred and fifty-nine patients in control group were randomly selected from 566 available patients in follow-up database. A series of simple and multiple logistic regressions was performed in the context of univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively, for computing unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and their confidence intervals (CI). In the univariate analyses, demographic or cardiometabolic factors were entered separately, and for multivariate analysis, we got both significant risk factors from univariate analysis and the major risk factors.
Results:
The results of multivariate analyses showed that for age, the likelihood of mortality increases in CABG patients (95%CI: 1.1; 1.03-1.2; P < 0.005). Other significant independent risk factors were peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (95%CI: 2.7; 1.06-6.8; P = 0.036), diabetics (95%CI: 2.49; 0.9-6.3; P = 0.039), smoking (95%CI: 4.38; 1.45-13.7; P = 0.011), length of stay in hospital after CABG surgery (95%CI: 1.14; 1.0-1.24; P = 0.001), total cholesterol (95%CI: 1.12; 1-1.2; P = 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (95%CI: 1.12; 0.99-1.27; P = 0.049) (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The study results indicated that age, diabetes, cigarette smoking, PVD, long length of stay in hospital, elevated triglycerides, total cholesterol, CRP, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significant contributing to increased mortality after CABG. It seems that vulnerable older patients continue to be at high risk with poor outcomes.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:26Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology