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Orf virus infection.

Christina Bergqvist1, Mazen Kurban1, Ossama Abbas1

  • 1Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|May 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orf virus (ORFV) causes a contagious zoonotic infection in humans handling sheep and goats. Research into ORFV

Keywords:
ecthyma contagiosaimmunityorfpoxvirusvirologyvirulence factor

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic pathogen in the Parapoxvirus genus, causing contagious skin infections in sheep, goats, and humans.
  • ORFV exhibits environmental resilience and host reinfection capabilities, facilitating its spread.
  • Human infections typically resolve spontaneously within 3-6 weeks, with no specific antiviral treatment established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, immune evasion strategies, and immunomodulatory potential of Orf virus.
  • To explore the implications of ORFV research for understanding skin immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Orf virus infection, immune response, and therapeutic approaches.
  • Analysis of ORFV's virulence factors and immune evasion mechanisms.
  • Examination of the use of whole inactivated ORFV as an immunomodulator.

Main Results:

  • Various treatments like imiquimod, cryotherapy, and surgical excision have been anecdotally reported as successful for ORFV infections.
  • ORFV employs diverse virulence factors to evade host immune responses.
  • Whole inactivated ORFV has been investigated as a paramunity inducer for immunomodulation in different species.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into ORFV infection strategies may enhance the understanding of cutaneous immunity.
  • Developing effective treatments and preventative measures for ORFV remains a challenge due to its complex immune interactions.