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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Raymond Cattell, along with John Horn, made significant contributions to our understanding of intelligence by distinguishing between two types: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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How working memory enables fluid reasoning.

Milton J Dehn1

  • 1a Schoolhouse Educational Services , Sparta , Wisconsin , USA.

Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|May 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Fluid reasoning (Gf) and working memory (WM) are strongly linked, with attention and inhibition potentially explaining this relationship. Neuroimaging confirms shared prefrontal cortex activity for both Gf and WM.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Fluid reasoning (Gf) and working memory (WM) exhibit a well-established strong relationship.
  • Gf relies on WM to maintain information during cognitive tasks.
  • Time constraints on the Gf-WM relationship suggest attention control and inhibition are key underlying factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms connecting fluid reasoning and working memory.
  • To investigate the role of attention control and inhibition in the Gf-WM relationship.
  • To examine neuroanatomical evidence supporting the interrelation of Gf, WM, attention, and inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fluid reasoning and working memory.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of time constraints on cognitive abilities.
Keywords:
Attentionfluid reasoninginhibitionprefrontal cortexworking memory

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  • Examination of neuroimaging (fMRI) findings related to prefrontal cortex activation during Gf and WM tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • The Gf-WM relationship is influenced by time constraints, highlighting the importance of attention and inhibition.
    • Neuroimaging studies consistently show overlapping activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for both Gf and WM.
    • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) is identified as a crucial region for attention, inhibition, Gf, and WM.

    Conclusions:

    • Attention control and inhibition are critical for understanding the Gf-WM relationship.
    • Shared neural substrates in the PFC underpin fluid reasoning and working memory.
    • The dPFC plays a significant role in the integrated functioning of these cognitive processes.