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Missed Opportunities for Hepatitis A Vaccination, National Immunization Survey-Child, 2013

Shannon M Casillas1, Robert A Bednarczyk2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|May 10, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Missed opportunities for hepatitis A vaccination are common in young children, delaying vaccine series initiation. Understanding these missed opportunities is key to improving childhood immunization rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health and epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A vaccination coverage in children remains suboptimal in the United States.
  • Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) represent a critical gap in achieving adequate immunization rates.
  • Identifying factors associated with MOV is essential for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the number of missed opportunities for hepatitis A vaccination in US children.
  • To assess the association between missed opportunities for hepatitis A vaccination and various demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of weighted data from the 2013 National Immunization Survey of US children aged 19-35 months.
  • Provider-verified vaccination history was used to identify missed opportunities during eligible medical visits.
  • Cross-sectional bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze covariate associations.

Main Results:

  • 85% of children initiated the hepatitis A vaccine series, and 60% received two or more doses.
  • Children with zero doses had an average of 1.77 MOV, compared to 0.43 for those with two doses.
  • Younger age, WIC benefits, and state childcare entry mandates were associated with reduced odds of MOV, while residing in the Northeast census region increased odds.

Conclusions:

  • Missed opportunities for vaccination significantly contribute to inadequate hepatitis A vaccine coverage in children.
  • Understanding the reasons behind these missed opportunities is crucial for developing effective strategies to improve vaccination rates.
  • Targeted interventions may be necessary for specific populations and geographic regions to address disparities in hepatitis A vaccination.
Abstract

Keywords:
NIS-ChildNational Immunization Survey ChildUnited Stateschildrenhepatitis Aimmunizationmissed opportunitiespediatricsprimary carevaccination

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