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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Leptospira DNA Detection in Water for Environmental Analysis and Disease Surveillance
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Changing patterns in leptospirosis: a three-decade study in Brazil.

Elizabeth De Francesco Daher1, Gabriela Studart Galdino de Carvalho1, Douglas de Sousa Soares1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|May 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Leptospirosis clinical patterns changed significantly in Brazil over 30 years, showing decreased severity and complications like acute kidney injury. Mortality rates for leptospirosis have also declined, approaching 11% in recent years.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryChanging patternsLaboratory findingsLeptospirosisMortality

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease with varied clinical presentations.
  • Understanding temporal trends in its clinical patterns is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the clinical and laboratory features of leptospirosis over three decades.
  • To analyze trends in disease severity and mortality in a Brazilian metropolitan area.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 507 patients with leptospirosis admitted to tertiary care hospitals in Fortaleza, Brazil (1985-2015).
  • Patients were divided into three groups based on admission decade (1985-1995, 1996-2005, 2006-2015).
  • Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared across groups.

Main Results:

  • Serum urea and creatinine levels significantly decreased over time (p <0.0001).
  • Hemoglobin and platelet counts significantly increased over time (p <0.0001).
  • Mortality showed a decreasing trend, nearing 11.6% in the latest decade (p=0.060).

Conclusions:

  • Leptospirosis clinical patterns have evolved, indicating reduced disease severity.
  • Significant decreases in acute kidney injury markers and a trend towards lower mortality were observed.
  • These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and adapted public health strategies for leptospirosis.