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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Translational Regulation01:29

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Biosensor-based High Throughput Biopanning and Bioinformatics Analysis Strategy for the Global Validation of Drug-protein Interactions
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Bioinformatics in translational drug discovery.

Sarah K Wooller1, Graeme Benstead-Hume1, Xiangrong Chen1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.

Bioscience Reports
|May 11, 2017
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Summary

Bioinformatics is crucial for drug discovery, using big data to find new drug targets and repurpose existing medicines. These computational methods address key challenges in pharmaceutical research and development.

Keywords:
computational biochemistrydrug discovery and designgenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Bioinformatics is increasingly vital in academic and pharmaceutical drug discovery.
  • Computational analysis of vast datasets addresses key challenges in the drug discovery process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight bioinformatics resources and methods supporting the drug discovery pipeline.
  • To showcase advancements in computational approaches for pharmaceutical research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of large-scale data warehouses.
  • Bioinformatics algorithms for analyzing 'big data' to identify drug targets and biomarkers.
  • Programs for assessing target tractability and predicting drug repositioning opportunities.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers through big data analysis.
  • Assessment of target feasibility for drug development.
  • Prediction of new therapeutic uses for existing drugs (drug repositioning).

Conclusions:

  • Bioinformatics tools are essential for accelerating and optimizing the drug discovery pipeline.
  • Computational methods enable the identification of new therapeutic strategies and drug candidates.