Allergic conjunctivitis in Asia.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology and Allergy Research
• Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region

Background:

• Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) frequently co-occurs with allergic rhinitis (AR), forming allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR/C).
• AC encompasses a spectrum from milder seasonal/perennial forms to severe atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
• Key allergens in the Asia-Pacific include house dust mites (HDM), grass, and tree pollen, with environmental factors like pollution and climate change potentially exacerbating AR/C.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, triggers, impact, and management of allergic conjunctivitis in the Asia-Pacific region.
• To highlight current and emerging therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological data from studies like 'Allergies in Asia Pacific' and the 'International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood'.
• Analysis of factors contributing to allergic inflammation and exacerbation of AR/C.
• Examination of management guidelines and treatment efficacy, including topical calcineurin inhibitors and sublingual immunotherapy.

Main Results:

• Allergic conjunctivitis significantly affects the quality of life for both children and adults.
• A stepped management approach, similar to allergic rhinitis and asthma, is recommended for AC.
• Sublingual immunotherapy is an emerging effective treatment for AR/C triggered by grass pollen and HDM.

Conclusions:

• Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a significant health concern in the Asia-Pacific, impacting patient quality of life.
• Current management strategies involve a stepwise approach, with targeted therapies showing promise.
• Translational research, particularly from Japan and Korea, is crucial for developing novel pharmacotherapies for AC.