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Towards a new dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF)? Some comments.

K H Chadwick1

  • 1Cowan Head, Kendal, United Kingdom.

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|May 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new analytical tool for cancer induction, questioning the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) by incorporating DNA damage data. It suggests deriving low-dose rate risk from epidemiological studies and cellular research.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiological Protection
  • Radiobiology
  • Cancer Induction

Background:

  • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) uses the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) to interpret cancer induction relationships.
  • Previous analyses, such as Rühm et al. (2016), relied on limited data and a linear-quadratic model for cancer mortality.
  • Existing models have limitations in accurately assessing cancer risk, particularly at low doses and dose rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a broader, mechanism-based analytical tool for interpreting cancer induction relationships.
  • To critically evaluate the DDREF concept and its application in radiological protection.
  • To propose an alternative approach for deriving cancer risk at low dose rates.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporated data on DNA double-strand breaks and their relationship to cell killing, chromosomal aberrations, and somatic mutations.
  • Developed equations for cancer induction following acute and chronic exposure to sparsely ionizing radiation.
  • Fitted derived equations to experimental data, including mouse cancer induction and atomic bomb survivor data.

Main Results:

  • The proposed mechanism-based tool provides a more comprehensive analysis than previous methods.
  • The DDREF derived from the new equations varies with dose, challenging the current DDREF concept.
  • Analysis of atomic bomb survivor data using the acute exposure equation showed a dominant quadratic dose component, limiting insights into low dose rate risk.

Conclusions:

  • The DDREF concept requires reassessment due to its dose-dependent nature.
  • The current approach to DDREF may not adequately inform risk assessment at low dose rates.
  • ICRP should utilize epidemiological studies (e.g., worker populations) and cellular radiobiology research to determine low dose rate risk.