Molecular alterations in odontogenic keratocysts as potential therapeutic targets

Area of Science:

• Oral pathology
• Molecular oncology
• Developmental biology

Background:

• Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a common cystic lesion of the jaw.
• Characterized by thickened parakeratinized epithelium and a high recurrence rate post-surgery.
• The neoplastic potential of OKCs is debated, necessitating further investigation into their molecular underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms driving OKC pathogenesis.
• To identify molecular alterations that could serve as therapeutic targets for OKC treatment.
• To clarify the molecular basis of OKC development and behavior.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on OKC molecular pathogenesis.
• Analysis of studies investigating genetic mutations, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications in OKCs.
• Exploration of signaling pathways implicated in OKC development, such as the Hedgehog pathway.

Main Results:

• Sporadic OKCs frequently harbor PTCH1 mutations, occurring more often than previously recognized.
• Hedgehog pathway dysregulation and Bcl-2 protein overexpression are observed in OKCs.
• Recent studies highlight alterations in DNA methylation and microRNA expression in these lesions.

Conclusions:

• OKCs exhibit complex molecular alterations contributing to their pathogenesis and aggressive behavior.
• Understanding these molecular changes, including PTCH1 mutations and pathway disturbances, is crucial.
• Targeting these identified molecular pathways presents a promising avenue for future OKC therapies.