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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Transduction01:16

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Phage-Mediated Gene Therapy.

Zeinab Hosseinidoust1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Canada.

Current Gene Therapy
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages show promise for gene therapy due to their safety and targeted delivery capabilities. Challenges include efficiency, stability, and immune response, but phage-based microbiome therapy offers a new frontier.

Keywords:
BacteriaBionanoparticlesDNA vaccinesLysogenyMicrobiome therapyPhage therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) are explored as gene therapy vectors.
  • Phage coat proteins protect therapeutic sequences, similar to other viral vectors.
  • Phages offer safety for human use and ease of surface modification for targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the potential and challenges of using phages for gene delivery.
  • To introduce phage-based microbiome therapy as a novel application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phage-based gene therapy.
  • Analysis of phage properties for gene delivery applications.
  • Exploration of directed evolution for target discovery.

Main Results:

  • Phages offer unique advantages in gene therapy, including safety and targeted delivery.
  • Key challenges include lower gene delivery efficiency, vector stability, and immunogenicity.
  • Phage-based microbiome therapy is presented as a promising future direction.

Conclusions:

  • Phages hold significant potential as gene delivery vehicles.
  • Overcoming current challenges is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Phage-based microbiome therapy represents a novel and promising application.