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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Extracellular Vesicles in Angiogenesis.

Dilyana Todorova1, Stéphanie Simoncini1, Romaric Lacroix1

  • 1From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.).

Circulation Research
|May 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell communication by delivering bioactive molecules. This review explores how EVs, including microvesicles and exosomes, influence blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) and their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
cell-derived microparticlesendothelial cellsexosomesextracellular vesiclesregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), encompassing microvesicles and exosomes, are key mediators of intercellular communication.
  • EVs carry diverse bioactive molecules that influence recipient cell function.
  • EV cargo is determined by the cell of origin and microenvironment, impacting signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of EVs in angiogenesis.
  • To emphasize the mechanisms underlying EV-mediated blood vessel formation.
  • To discuss therapeutic applications and challenges of EVs in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on extracellular vesicles and angiogenesis.
  • Analysis of EV composition and its impact on endothelial cells.
  • Discussion of therapeutic potential and challenges.

Main Results:

  • EVs from various sources can promote or inhibit angiogenesis.
  • EV cargo composition dynamically adapts to microenvironmental cues to regulate blood vessel formation.
  • EVs show promise for therapeutic applications in angiogenesis-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • EVs play a significant role in vascular development and maturation.
  • Understanding EV mechanisms is crucial for harnessing their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
  • Challenges remain in standardizing EV production and application for clinical use.