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Genetic Characterization of Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic 2009 Virus Isolates from Mumbai

Devanshi Gohil1, Sweta Kothari2, Pramod Shinde3

  • 1Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India. devanshi.gohil@gmail.com.

Current Microbiology
|May 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus evolved in Mumbai, showing genetic variations that may evade immune responses. Continuous surveillance is crucial for tracking these changes during outbreaks.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus became endemic in India after its 2009 detection.
  • Influenza A viruses exhibit antigenic variation, enabling immune evasion.
  • Understanding local viral evolution is key to public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 virus strains circulating in Mumbai.
  • To analyze the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of these strains.
  • To investigate potential immune evasion mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Virus isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs using Madin-Darby canine kidney cell lines.
  • Molecular analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • Mumbai isolates showed 14 amino acid differences in the HA gene compared to the A/California/07/2009 vaccine strain.
  • Variations in HA and NA genes altered N-linked glycosylation motifs, suggesting potential immune evasion.
  • Phylogenetic analysis confirmed gradual evolutionary changes in relation to the vaccine strain.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the genetic variability of circulating influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 viruses.
  • Observed amino acid changes may contribute to immune evasion.
  • Highlights the necessity of ongoing surveillance for influenza viruses in India.

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