Forensic Age Estimation Using the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis: A Study Review

Area of Science:

• Forensic Anthropology
• Radiology
• Anatomy

Background:

• Accurate age determination is vital in legal contexts, especially for individuals without birth records.
• The medial clavicular epiphysis is a key anatomical landmark for age assessment due to its late fusion.
• Fusion of the medial clavicular epiphysis spans critical age ranges, including 18-21 years.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature on using the medial clavicular epiphysis for age assessment.
• To evaluate various imaging modalities employed for this purpose in forensic science.
• To highlight the significance of clavicle fusion in age estimation.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four scholarly databases.
• Inclusion of studies on living subjects, cadavers, and anatomical descriptions of the clavicle.
• Analysis of 39 relevant research articles and textbook information.

Main Results:

• Multiple imaging techniques, including radiography, CT, MRI, and sonography, are utilized.
• Researchers employ diverse classification systems, consider ethnic variations, and use interpreter criteria for age estimation.
• The medial clavicular epiphysis is a reliable indicator, with fusion completing in the late 20s.

Conclusions:

• Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality for forensic age estimation via the medial clavicular epiphysis.
• Accurate age estimation is essential for legal proceedings involving undocumented individuals.
• Future research should focus on generating reference data to enhance the precision of age estimation, considering factors like interpreter experience and socioeconomic background.