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Hydroxyurea-Lactose Interaction Study: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation.

Kunal B Bachchhao1, R R Patil2, C R Patil2

  • 1H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dist. Dhule, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India. kunalbachchhao@gmail.com.

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|May 14, 2017
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Summary

Hydroxyurea (HU) can react with lactose, forming an adduct that reduces HU's anti-sickling activity. This Maillard reaction necessitates reconsidering lactose as an excipient in HU formulations to maintain drug efficacy.

Keywords:
Maillard reactiondrug–excipient interactionhydroxyureain silico and in vitro studysickle cell anemia

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Drug Formulation Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydroxyurea (HU) is a drug used to manage sickle cell disease by increasing fetal hemoglobin.
  • Lactose is a common excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
  • The Maillard reaction can occur between primary amines and reducing sugars, potentially affecting drug stability and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Maillard reaction between hydroxyurea and lactose.
  • To synthesize and characterize the hydroxyurea-lactose adduct.
  • To evaluate the impact of adduct formation on hydroxyurea's anti-sickling activity and its interaction with oxyhemoglobin.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hydroxyurea-lactose adduct by heating at 60°C in borate buffer (pH 9.2).
  • Characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, DSC, HPLC, and LC-MS.
  • In silico analysis of drug-target interactions (hydroxyurea-oxyhemoglobin).
  • In vitro anti-sickling assay using deoxygenated blood samples.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and confirmation of the hydroxyurea-lactose adduct.
  • In silico studies indicated altered interactions between the adduct and oxyhemoglobin.
  • In vitro assays showed a reduced anti-sickling activity of the adduct compared to hydroxyurea alone (17% vs. 12%).

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyurea undergoes a Maillard reaction with lactose, forming an adduct.
  • Adduct formation leads to a partial loss of hydroxyurea's anti-sickling activity.
  • Lactose should be replaced with alternative excipients in hydroxyurea formulations to prevent Maillard reaction and preserve drug efficacy.