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Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

SASP regulation by noncoding RNA.

Amaresh C Panda¹, Kotb Abdelmohsen¹, Myriam Gorospe¹

¹Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

|May 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression and cellular processes. Specific ncRNAs influence the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for aging and disease.

Keywords:

Aging Inflammatory cytokines Long noncoding RNA Noncoding RNA Post-transcriptional gene regulation Ribonucleoprotein complexes Senescence Transcriptional gene regulation Transcriptome mRNA stability mRNA translation microRNA

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cellular Biology

Background:

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are crucial regulators of gene expression.
ncRNAs impact diverse cellular functions, including proliferation, senescence, and immune responses.
Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, is characterized by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which secretes pro-inflammatory and tissue-remodeling factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the roles of specific miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating SASP production.
To discuss the potential of SASP-regulatory ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating ncRNAs and SASP.
Analysis of ncRNA regulatory mechanisms in cellular senescence.

Main Results:

Identified specific miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that modulate SASP factor production.
Highlighted the complex interplay between ncRNAs and the SASP.

Conclusions:

SASP-regulatory ncRNAs represent promising biomarkers for senescence-related conditions.
Targeting these ncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and cancer.