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Related Concept Videos

DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

36.5K
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
36.5K
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

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Overview
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The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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Interlocked DNA topologies for nanotechnology.

Julián Valero1, Finn Lohmann2, Michael Famulok1

  • 1Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CASEAR), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
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Summary

DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Interlocked molecular architectures are established in supramolecular chemistry for applications like sensors and molecular machines.
  • DNA's Watson-Crick base pairing enables precise self-assembly of stable, biocompatible interlocked nanostructures.
  • DNA nanostructures are suitable for bio-hybrid assemblies and have growing importance in nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in DNA-based interlocked supramolecular architectures.
  • To highlight the controllable molecular motion within these DNA systems.
  • To explore applications in logic gates, catalysis, and nanomachines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in DNA-based interlocked supramolecular architectures.
  • Discussion of systems with controllable molecular motion.
  • Analysis of triggered systems for logic gate operations and catalytic control.

Main Results:

  • DNA is a versatile material for creating well-defined, stable, and biocompatible interlocked nanostructures.
  • Molecular motion in these DNA assemblies can be precisely controlled.
  • Triggered systems demonstrate potential for logic gate operations and catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • DNA-based interlocked nanostructures offer precise control and functionality for advanced applications.
  • These systems are promising for developing complex, dynamic nanomachines.
  • Further research in this area is valuable for nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and sensing.