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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

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Monocyte lineage-derived IL-6 does not affect chimeric antigen receptor T-cell function.

Nathan Singh1, Ted J Hofmann2, Zachary Gershenson3

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Cytotherapy
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monocyte cells, not CAR T-cells, secrete IL-6 during cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Blocking IL-6 may control CRS without reducing CAR T-cell efficacy against leukemia.

Keywords:
chimeric antigen receptorcytokine release syndromeinterleukin 6

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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for B-cell malignancies.
  • Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), mediated by IL-6, is a major toxicity.
  • The cellular origin and role of IL-6 in CRS are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify the cellular source of IL-6 during CAR T-cell activation.
  • Investigate the impact of IL-6 on CAR T-cell function.
  • Determine if CAR T-cells produce IL-6 in vivo during CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture assays with CAR T-cells and leukemia.
  • Analysis of patient data from clinical CAR T-cell trials.
  • Assessment of cytokine profiles and T-cell transcriptional changes.

Main Results:

  • Monocyte-lineage cells secrete IL-6 upon CAR T-cell engagement with target leukemia.
  • IL-6 from antigen-presenting cells does not alter CAR T-cell cytotoxicity or gene expression.
  • CAR T-cells do not secrete IL-6 in patients experiencing clinical CRS.

Conclusions:

  • IL-6 in CRS originates from monocytes, not CAR T-cells.
  • Targeting IL-6 may mitigate CRS without compromising anti-leukemic activity.
  • This suggests a therapeutic window for IL-6 inhibition in CAR T-cell therapy.