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Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
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A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
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Power generator driven by Maxwell's demon.

Kensaku Chida1, Samarth Desai1, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi1

  • 1NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.

Nature Communications
|May 17, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maxwell's demon can now generate electricity using individual electrons in transistors. Miniaturizing transistors enhances this power generation, paving the way for future energy technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Information Thermodynamics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Maxwell's demon, a thought experiment, theoretically reduces entropy and generates free energy.
  • Information thermodynamics has validated Maxwell's demon, enabling experimental energy generation.
  • The next challenge is converting this free energy into usable work.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate Maxwell's demon generating and outputting electric current and power.
  • To investigate the role of transistors in controlling electron motion for energy generation.
  • To explore the impact of system miniaturization on the demon's power output.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing two transistors as gates to control individual electron trajectories directionally.
  • Real-time monitoring of electron motion within the system.
  • Numerical calculations to assess power generation scaling with miniaturization.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation and output of electric current and power by Maxwell's demon using electrons in transistors.
  • Demonstrated directional electron movement controlled by transistor gates.
  • Power generation increases with the miniaturization of the electron confinement space.

Conclusions:

  • Maxwell's demon can be harnessed to produce electrical power from electron motion.
  • Transistor technology is key to controlling electron flow for energy harvesting.
  • Advancements in transistor miniaturization are expected to boost the power output of such systems.