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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Sunscreens: An Update.

Jennifer Brescoll Mancuso1, Rohit Maruthi2, Steve Q Wang3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sunscreens offer vital photoprotection against UV radiation. Achieving broad-spectrum coverage against UVA and UVB rays is crucial for preventing skin damage and disease.

Keywords:
AvobenzoneCritical WavelengthOxybenzoneSunscreen ApplicationZinc Oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Sunscreens are essential for public photoprotection.
  • They prevent skin damage like photocarcinogenesis, photoaging, and photodermatoses.
  • Broad-spectrum protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits and components of sunscreens.
  • To discuss regulatory aspects, controversies, and formulation challenges.
  • To highlight the importance of patient education for effective sunscreen use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and regulatory documents.
  • Analysis of sunscreen properties, including UV filters and photostability.
  • Synthesis of information on consumer education and compliance.

Main Results:

  • Sunscreens provide significant photoprotective benefits.
  • Broad-spectrum protection is necessary to cover UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) ranges.
  • Formulation, photostability, and patient compliance are key considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Effective sunscreen use requires understanding broad-spectrum protection.
  • Consumer education is vital for maximizing sunscreen benefits and compliance.
  • Ongoing research addresses sunscreen formulation and photostability challenges.