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Precise and diffraction-limited waveguide-to-free-space focusing gratings.

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We developed novel waveguide grating devices to precisely direct visible light from integrated optics to free space. These devices enable micron-scale spots for applications like quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Integrated Optics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Integrated photonics offers dense, parallel optical routing capabilities.
  • Precise coupling of light from waveguides to free space is crucial for many applications.
  • Existing methods often lack the precision or flexibility for advanced optical addressing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize waveguide grating devices for efficient visible-light coupling.
  • To enable the formation of micron-scale, diffraction-limited spots in free space.
  • To explore applications in spatially-selective optical addressing and quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Design of high index-contrast dielectric waveguide grating structures.
  • Characterization of light coupling efficiency and beam quality at 674 nm.
  • Analysis of sidelobe intensity, polarization purity, and focal spot characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient coupling of visible light (674 nm) from single-mode waveguides to free-space beams.
  • Achieved micron-scale diffraction-limited spots at a designed distance and angle.
  • Characterized weak sidelobe intensities down to 5×10⁻⁶ and polarization impurity <3×10⁻⁴.

Conclusions:

  • The developed waveguide grating devices offer a quick and intuitive design approach.
  • These devices are suitable for optical routing in applications like trapped-ion quantum information processing.
  • The technology enables precise optical addressing for objects tens to hundreds of microns from a chip surface.