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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
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Foreign Language Effect and Psychological Distance.

Hong Im Shin1, Juyoung Kim2

  • 1School of General Education, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea. shin7038@naver.com.

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
|May 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Using a foreign language may lead to more rational moral decisions by reducing emotional responses. This foreign language effect is linked to increased psychological distance, influencing decision-making processes.

Keywords:
Foreign-language effectMoral decision makingPsychological distanceSelf-bias

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Moral Psychology

Background:

  • Bilingualism and cognitive processes are areas of ongoing research.
  • The impact of language on decision-making, particularly moral judgments, is not fully understood.
  • Psychological distance is theorized to influence emotional processing and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if using a foreign language alters moral decision-making compared to using a native language.
  • To explore the role of psychological distance in foreign language effects on moral judgments.
  • To determine if reduced emotionality underlies foreign language effects in moral dilemmas.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Bilingual participants (N=161) made moral decisions in their native (L1) and foreign (L2) languages using four moral dilemmas.
  • Study 2: Bilingual participants (N=26) completed an implicit association test in L1 and L2 to assess self-bias and psychological distance.
  • Utilized established moral dilemma frameworks and psychological distance measures.

Main Results:

  • Participants made more utilitarian moral decisions in their foreign language (L2) than in their native language (L1), suggesting reduced emotionality.
  • The self-bias effect decreased when labels were presented in the foreign language, indicating increased psychological distance.
  • Foreign language use was associated with reduced emotional responses and increased deliberation in decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Foreign language use can lead to more rational, less emotionally-driven moral decisions.
  • Increased psychological distance in a foreign language context contributes to the observed foreign language effect.
  • Findings suggest that language proficiency influences emotional salience and cognitive processing in moral decision-making.