Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

36.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.7K
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

400
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
400
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

31.0K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
31.0K
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

449
The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
449
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

4.9K
The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Effects of Repeated Finger Flexion Movements on Self-Reported Affect and Reward System Activation Are Weak and Inconsistent.

Journal of clinical psychology·2025
Same author

Event model retrieval and daily interference.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2022
Same author

Degree of learning and linear forgetting.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2021
Same author

Encoding and referent event influence on retrospective memory.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2020
Same author

Failure to accept retractions: A contribution to the continued influence effect.

Memory & cognition·2019
Same author

Anxious, but not depressive, symptoms are associated with poorer prospective memory performance in healthy college students: Preliminary evidence using the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2019
Same journal

Limited protective effects of multilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Validation of illustrated texts: Can pictures raise awareness of inconsistencies?

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

4I remember (and forget) your happy smiling face: Directed forgetting of emotionally expressive faces of in-group and out-group members.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Identity in the spotlight: Matching faces without overlapping features.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Test delay and change awareness moderate retroactive and proactive memory effects.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) illusion in short-term memory: Opposite effects of retention interval on true and false recognition.

Memory & cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.0K

Event models and the fan effect.

G A Radvansky1, Andrea E O'Rear2, Jerry S Fisher2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 218C Haggar Hall, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA. gradvans@nd.edu.

Memory & Cognition
|May 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Event model organizations remain stable over time, influencing retrieval interference. This study shows memory structures persist for at least two weeks, impacting how we recall information.

Keywords:
Event cognitionEvent modelsFan effectForgettingMental models

More Related Videos

Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games
14:02

Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games

Published on: July 3, 2021

4.0K
Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
11:15

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

Published on: June 27, 2013

34.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
08:35

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.0K
Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games
14:02

Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games

Published on: July 3, 2021

4.0K
Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
11:15

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

Published on: June 27, 2013

34.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Information Processing

Background:

  • Event models are cognitive structures that organize information about events.
  • Prior research indicates event models can either cause retrieval interference or eliminate it through integration.
  • The long-term stability of these event model organizations and their impact on interference has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persistence of event model organizations over a two-week period.
  • To determine how the stability of event models influences retrieval interference.
  • To examine the impact of forgetting on the structure and function of event models.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized lists of sentences describing objects in specific locations.
  • Retention intervals of up to two weeks were implemented to study forgetting.
  • Retrieval performance was assessed to measure interference effects and event model organization.

Main Results:

  • The fundamental pattern of event model organization remained largely preserved over the two-week retention period.
  • Minor variations in performance were observed across different retention intervals.
  • Results support the hypothesis that event model organization is stable over extended periods.

Conclusions:

  • Event model organizations demonstrate significant persistence, remaining stable for at least two weeks.
  • This stability suggests that memory structures formed during encoding are resilient to forgetting.
  • The findings have implications for understanding long-term memory retrieval and interference phenomena.