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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Kombucha microbial community (KMC) produces bacterial cellulose, a valuable biopolymer and probiotic beverage.
  • KMC-derived cellulose pellicle is a complex, stratified community of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, studied for astrobiological applications.
  • The BIOlogy and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) project investigates organism vitality and biomarker stability in space and Mars-like environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the structural integrity of bacterial cellulose as a biomarker and biotechnological nanomaterial under space conditions.
  • Evaluate the survival capacity of KMC members and their cellulose production under simulated space stressors.
  • Determine the impact of space exposure on microbial community structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated 1-year exposure of KMC and its cellulose pellicle to space stressors (vacuum, Mars-like atmosphere, UVC, temperature fluctuations).
  • Utilized culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to assess microbial survival, density, and richness.
  • Analyzed chemical element accumulation in the cellulose-based pellicle post-exposure.

Main Results:

  • KMC members exhibited high survival rates, with core bacteria and yeasts protecting against UV radiation.
  • High-dose UV irradiation was identified as the critical limiting factor for microbial survival.
  • Overall microbial density and richness were reduced, correlating with lower chemical element accumulation in the pellicle film.

Conclusions:

  • KMC demonstrates resilience in space, but UV radiation poses a significant challenge to its structure and function.
  • Bacterial cellulose integrity is maintained, but microbial community dynamics are altered by space exposure.
  • Findings contribute to understanding microbial survival in extreme environments and the potential of bacterial cellulose as a biosignature and biomaterial.