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Adaptive evolution that requires multiple spontaneous mutations. I. Mutations involving an insertion sequence.

B G Hall1

  • 1Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268.

Genetics
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Two mutations are required for Escherichia coli K12 to utilize salicin. The study reveals that IS103 excision occurs late in colony life, independent of selective advantage, to enable secondary mutations.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Escherichia coli K12 strain chi 342LD needs two specific mutations in the beta-glucosidase (bgl) operon to metabolize salicin.
  • These mutations involve a change from bglR0 to bglR+ and the excision of the insertion sequence IS103 from the bglF gene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mutation rates and sequential occurrence of genetic alterations necessary for salicin utilization in Escherichia coli.
  • To determine the conditions and selective pressures, if any, that drive the excision of IS103 within bglF.

Main Methods:

  • Mutation rate analysis in growing cells and mature colonies.
  • Phenotypic screening on MacConkey salicin plates to identify double mutants.
  • Assessment of unselected mutations (valine resistance) to rule out general mutator effects.

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Main Results:

  • The bglR0 to bglR+ mutation occurs at a rate of 4 x 10(-8) per cell division.
  • IS103 excision occurs at a much lower rate (< 2 x 10(-12) per cell division) but is observed in 1-10% of 8-12 day old colonies.
  • IS103 excision is dependent on the presence of salicin but does not provide an immediate selective advantage.

Conclusions:

  • IS103 excision is a late-event mutation within colonies, occurring in bursts.
  • The excision of IS103 is not advantageous itself but facilitates the subsequent advantageous bglR0 to bglR+ mutation.
  • Salicin acts as an inducer for IS103 excision, creating a substrate for adaptive mutation.