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Related Concept Videos

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

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Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
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Anxiety and Epigenetics.

Andrew A Bartlett1, Rumani Singh1, Richard G Hunter2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anxiety disorders are common and heritable, but genetics alone don't explain them. Environmental factors and epigenetics, especially stress-related changes, are key to understanding anxiety and developing new treatments.

Keywords:
AmygdalaAnxietyDNA methylationEpigeneticGlucocorticoidHippocampusHistoneNoncoding RNAPlasticityPrefrontal cortexStress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders are prevalent, often co-occurring with depression and substance abuse.
  • While moderately heritable, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) haven't pinpointed specific genes, suggesting environmental and epigenetic influences.
  • Many anxiety subtypes are stress-related, with research focusing on stress's epigenetic impact on behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of neuroepigenetics in anxiety disorders.
  • To understand how environmental factors, particularly stress, influence anxiety-like behaviors through epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within epigenetic pathways for anxiety treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin studies and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on anxiety disorders.
  • Examination of animal models demonstrating stress-induced epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and brain regions.
  • Analysis of neuroepigenetic mechanisms underlying stress responses and anxiety-related behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Genetic studies (GWASs) have yielded limited success in identifying anxiety disorder genes.
  • Animal models show significant epigenetic modifications in response to stress, affecting the HPA axis and stress-responsive brain areas.
  • Neuroepigenetics offers a framework for explaining individual differences in susceptibility to environmental stressors and anxious behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors and epigenetics play a crucial role in anxiety disorders, complementing genetic heritability.
  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly those induced by stress, are central to the neurobiology of anxiety.
  • Targeting epigenetic marks presents a promising avenue for developing novel behavioral and pharmacological interventions for anxiety disorders.