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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
Published on: October 26, 2017
Synthesis and Antineoplastic Evaluation of Mitochondrial Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase) Inhibitors Derived from
Hezhen Wang1, Bader Huwaimel1, Kshitij Verma1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
Abstract:
Mitochondrial complex II (CII) is an emerging target for numerous human diseases. Sixteen analogues of the CII inhibitor natural product atpenin A5 were prepared to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of the C5 pyridine side chain. The side chain ketone moiety was determined to be pharmacophoric, engendering a bioactive conformation. One analogue, 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl)hexan-1-one (16 c), was found to have a CII IC50 value of 64 nm, to retain selectivity for CII over mitochondrial complex I (>156-fold), and to possess a ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) of 5.62, desirable metrics for a lead compound. This derivative and other highly potent CII inhibitors show potent and selective anti-proliferative activity in multiple human prostate cancer cell lines under both normoxia and hypoxia, acting to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport.
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