Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...

Graded Potential

Graded Potential

Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...

Neurons: The Axon

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Effects of a glucocorticoid on development of kidney deficiency syndrome in a rat model of asthma].

Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine·2010

Same author

[A case of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma in nasal cavity.].

Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery·2010

Same author

[Construct cosmid libraries by isolating large genomic DNA fragments from Monascus ruber].

Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica·2010

Same author

Retinal tissue engineering using mouse retinal progenitor cells and a novel biodegradable, thin-film poly(e-caprolactone) nanowire scaffold.

Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics·2010

Same author

[Correlation between MR diffusion weighted imaging with malignant degree of rabbit liver VX2 tumor models].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2010

Same author

[Immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with BCG expressing HBV truncated C gene and preS1 gene].

Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology·2010

Same journal

Dynamic analysis and reliable mechanical optimization application of ring HNN effected with a memristive neuron.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

DAFF-Net: A detection and search method for small-scale low surface brightness galaxies.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

Quasi-synchronization for complex networks with hybrid pinning intermittent control.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

Physics-encoded convolutional neural operators for parametric PDEs: A convergence-guaranteed framework via pre-computed kernel fields.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

Exploiting audio-visual modalities in videos: Object detection via multi-stage bilateral coupling network.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Same journal

Reliability-aware modality completion with cross-modal distillation for federated learning with missing modalities.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

An online supervised learning method based on gradient descent for spiking neurons.

Yan Xu¹, Jing Yang², Shuiming Zhong³

¹College of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society

|May 20, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an online gradient-descent-based (GDB) learning method for spiking neurons, improving spike sequence learning. The new approach enhances learning performance and accuracy compared to existing offline methods.

Keywords:

Gradient descent Online learning Real time error function Spike sequence learning Spiking neurons

More Related Videos

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Published on: March 25, 2014

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Published on: March 25, 2014

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

Area of Science:

Computational Neuroscience
Machine Learning

Background:

Supervised learning for spiking neurons aims to generate precise spike trains.
Gradient-descent-based (GDB) methods are common but often operate offline.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an online GDB spike sequence learning method for spiking neurons.
To overcome limitations of existing offline learning methods.

Main Methods:

Developed an online GDB method mimicking biological synapse adjustment.
Calculated synaptic weight adjustments based on real-time spike emission.
Analyzed desired and actual output spikes to select relevant input spikes.

Main Results:

The online method significantly improved learning performance over offline approaches.
Demonstrated enhanced learning accuracy compared to other methods.
Showcased a larger pattern storage capacity due to stronger learning ability.

Conclusions:

The proposed online GDB method offers superior performance for spiking neuron learning.
This approach provides a more efficient and accurate way to achieve temporal encoding in neural networks.