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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
Published on: July 23, 2020
Pharmacologic Properties of Novel Local Anesthetic Agents in Anesthesia Practice
Chih H King1, Sascha S Beutler1, Alan D Kaye2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Abstract:
Therapeutic duration of traditional local anesthetics when used in peripheral nerve blocks is normally limited. This article describes novel approaches to extend the duration of peripheral nerve blocks currently available or in development. Three newer approaches on extending the duration of peripheral nerve blocks include site-1 sodium channel blockers, novel local anesthetics delivery systems, and novel adjuvants of local anesthetics. Compared with plain amide-based and ester-based local anesthetics, alternative approaches show significant promise in decreasing postoperative pain, rescue opioid requirement, hospital length-of-stay, and overall health care cost, without compromising the established safety profile of traditional local anesthetics.
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