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Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review

Alan D Kaye1, Charles J Fox2, Ira W Padnos1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Room 659, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|May 21, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute pain management requires understanding unique biologic and epidemiologic factors. This review covers anesthetic agents, side effects, and special considerations for children, highlighting the need for further pediatric pharmacokinetic research.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pediatric acute pain presents unique biological, variation, and epidemiological challenges.
  • Anesthetic management in children differs significantly from adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss pharmacologic considerations of anesthetic agents in pediatric acute pain.
  • To highlight special concerns and adverse effects of anesthesia in children.
  • To emphasize the need for improved understanding of pediatric pharmacokinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anesthetic agents used in pediatric acute pain.
  • Discussion of specific drug classes: induction agents, neuromuscular blockers, opioids, local anesthetics, and adjuvants.
  • Examination of potential adverse effects and syndromes like propofol infusion syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Key anesthetic agents and their pediatric considerations are detailed.
  • Potential risks and side effects, including propofol infusion syndrome, are identified.
  • Physiologic and pharmacologic differences between pediatric and adult patients are underscored.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesiologists must grasp pediatric-specific physiology and pharmacology for safe acute pain management.
  • Further research into pediatric pharmacokinetics is essential for optimizing anesthetic care.
  • Tailored anesthetic strategies are crucial for effective pediatric acute pain control.

Keywords:
AnalgesicsAnestheticsPainPediatricsPharmacokinetics

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