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Related Concept Videos

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

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Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Family Therapy01:30

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Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Efficacy of Sibling Preparation Classes.

Emma E A Beyers-Carlson, Brenda L Volling

    Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
    |May 23, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sibling preparation classes showed minimal impact on firstborn children's adjustment to a new sibling. Most outcomes, except for infant avoidance, did not significantly differ between children who attended and those who did not.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Child Psychology
    • Family Studies

    Background:

    • The arrival of a new sibling significantly impacts the firstborn child's adjustment.
    • Sibling preparation classes aim to ease this transition, but their effectiveness is not well-established.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of sibling preparation classes in facilitating the adjustment of firstborn children to the birth of a new sibling.

    Main Methods:

    • A longitudinal study tracked 241 families across five measurement points, from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 months postpartum.
    • Parental questionnaires assessed child adjustment, and attendance at sibling preparation classes was recorded.
    • Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of class attendance.
    Keywords:
    family relationshipssibling preparation classessiblings

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    Main Results:

    • Children attending sibling preparation classes did not show significant differences in adjustment compared to non-attendees.
    • The only noted difference was a potential increase in avoidance of the infant among children who attended the classes.

    Conclusions:

    • Sibling preparation classes appear to have limited effectiveness in improving firstborn children's adjustment to a new sibling.
    • Further research may be needed to identify more impactful interventions for sibling transition.