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Multi-Faceted Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Neuropeptides in Callinectes sapidus

Multi-Faceted Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Neuropeptides in Callinectes sapidus

Published on: May 31, 2022

Mining for Micropeptides.

Catherine A Makarewich¹, Eric N Olson¹

¹Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology

|May 23, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered small proteins, called small open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) or micropeptides, that are encoded by previously overlooked regions of the genome. These micropeptides play crucial roles in cellular functions and biological processes.

Keywords:

bioactive peptide micropeptide ncRNA short open reading frame

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Published on: April 17, 2012

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Advances in computational biology and large-scale transcriptome analyses reveal extensive genome transcription.
A significant portion of transcribed RNA molecules possess noncoding potential, with some being mis-annotated.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the discovery and functional significance of small open reading frames (sORFs) encoding peptides.
To underscore the roles of sORF-encoded peptides (SEPs), also known as micropeptides, in biological systems.

Main Methods:

Large-scale transcriptome analyses.
Computational biology approaches to identify short open reading frames (sORFs).
Analysis of RNA and peptide production from previously uncharacterized genomic regions.

Main Results:

A larger fraction of the genome is transcribed than previously known, producing diverse RNA molecules.
Several RNA molecules previously classified as noncoding were found to contain sORFs encoding functional peptides (SEPs/micropeptides).
SEPs have demonstrated roles in fundamental biological processes and cellular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

Micropeptides are functionally significant and can act independently or modulate larger proteins.
The small size of micropeptides makes them suitable for fine-tuning complex biological systems.
Re-evaluation of the transcriptome is necessary to fully appreciate the landscape of functional peptides.