Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

1.7K
Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
1.7K
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

4.0K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
4.0K
Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

3.0K
Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
3.0K
Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:27

Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

5.6K
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
5.6K
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

2.9K
Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
2.9K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.7K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure Elucidation and Initial Characterization of a N-glucuronide Metabolite (M1) of Tuvusertib.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics·2026
Same author

Performance of AI Tools in Citing Retracted Literature : Content Analysis.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Chemical characterization of Nurexan: composition of a multicomponent natural veterinary medicinal product.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

From Chemistry to Nutrition: <i>JAFC</i>'s Evolving Scientific Landscape.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Steroid Hormones Are Potent and Putatively Endogenous Activators of Human Bitter Taste Receptors.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Comparative evaluation of comprehensive offline 2D-LC strategies coupled to MS for untargeted metabolomic studies of human urine.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2025
Same journal

Discovery of Novel Pyrazole-Benzothiazine Hybrids as Potential HPPD Inhibitors.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same journal

Structural Regulation of Lignin Using an Al<sup>3+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> Bimetallic Lewis Acid System to Enhance Enzymatic Saccharification.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same journal

Comparative NMR-Based Metabolomic and Functional Assessment of Fruit and Vegetable Extracts under Regenerative Agricultural Practices.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same journal

Fenoxaprop-<i>P</i>-ethyl Disrupts Lipid Homeostasis in Rice Seedlings: A Multiomics Study Linking the Inhibition of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase with a Coordinated Repression of Fatty Acid Elongation Processes.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same journal

Exploiting Biomacromolecular Oligomerization for Next-Generation Pesticide Discovery: Challenges and Perspectives.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same journal

Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Potential of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-Fused Isoxazoline Derivatives as GABA Receptor Antagonists.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

4.5K

Synephrine as a Specific Marker for Orange Consumption.

Matthias Bader1, Tatjana Lang1, Roman Lang1

  • 1Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|May 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synephrine, an alkaloid abundant in oranges, is validated as a specific dietary biomarker for orange and tangerine consumption. This method accurately quantifies synephrine in citrus juices and human urine post-ingestion.

Keywords:
ECHO quantitationcitrusdietary biomarkerorangessynephrine

More Related Videos

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.4K
Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

26.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

4.5K
A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.4K
Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

26.9K

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Synephrine is a prominent alkaloid found in oranges.
  • Dietary biomarkers are crucial for tracking food intake.
  • Existing biomarkers may lack specificity for certain citrus fruits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate synephrine as a specific dietary biomarker for orange consumption.
  • To develop and apply sensitive analytical methods for synephrine quantification.
  • To assess synephrine levels in citrus juices and human urine.

Main Methods:

  • Development of stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) and ECHO methods.
  • Quantification of synephrine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Analysis of synephrine in various citrus juices and human urine samples before and after orange juice ingestion.

Main Results:

  • Orange and tangerine juices showed high synephrine concentrations (150-420 nmol/mL).
  • Other citrus juices contained significantly lower synephrine levels.
  • Urine synephrine levels increased significantly after orange juice consumption, peaking at 4 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Synephrine is a reliable and specific biomarker for orange and tangerine intake.
  • Synephrine complements existing biomarkers like proline betaine.
  • The developed LC-MS/MS methods are suitable for dietary intake studies.