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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Patients with early neurodegenerative diseases exhibit normal performance despite brain loss.
  • Compensatory processes, involving altered brain activation, are presumed to maintain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence of compensatory processes in neurodegenerative disease.
  • To discuss operationalizing compensation for empirical testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MRI studies on compensation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
  • Discussion of attempts to operationalize compensation models.

Main Results:

  • Compensation is observed in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Increased brain activity in studies is not consistently correlated with disease or performance.
  • Observed compensation might be a symptom of neurodegeneration itself.

Conclusions:

  • Compensatory processes are evident in early neurodegenerative disease.
  • More explicit empirical modeling is required for a comprehensive understanding.