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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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Exploring MicroRNA::Target Regulatory Interactions by Computing Technologies.

Yue Hu1, Wenjun Lan2, Daniel Miller3

  • 1College of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, No. 3501, Da Xue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, People's Republic of China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA (miRNA) genes share structural similarities with protein genes, requiring promoter regions for expression regulation. Computational methods, including specialized tools, are used to identify these promoters and study miRNA-mediated regulatory networks like feed-forward loops.

Keywords:
CircuitFeed forward loopPromoterSynergisticTranscription factormiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) genes, like protein-coding genes, possess promoter regions essential for regulating miRNA expression.
  • Understanding miRNA gene regulation is crucial for deciphering complex cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore computational methods for identifying miRNA gene promoter regions.
  • To discuss the formation and study of miRNA-mediated regulatory networks, including feed-forward loops (FFLs).

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of computational methods used for protein gene promoter identification.
  • Development of specific computational tools designed for miRNA promoter region discovery.
  • Analysis of transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-gene interactions to identify regulatory circuits.

Main Results:

  • Common structural elements exist between miRNA and protein genes.
  • Various computational approaches are effective for identifying miRNA promoter regions.
  • miRNA-mediated feed-forward loops (FFLs) represent a prevalent regulatory circuit.

Conclusions:

  • Promoter identification is key to understanding miRNA gene regulation.
  • Computational tools facilitate the study of complex miRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks.
  • FFLs and collaborative regulation are significant mechanisms in cellular gene expression control.